盾构掘进刀具磨损测量模拟试验研究

作者：张初可

作者简介：

张初可，工程师，E⁃mail:dengdeng_email@ qq. com

作者单位：

中铁十八局集团第三工程有限公司，河北涿州 072750

基金项目：

∗中国铁建股份有限公司 2024 年度科技研究开发计划（2024⁃C1）

摘要：

盾构掘进过程中刀具磨损是影响工程成本和工期的关键问题之一，而盾构机的运行参数及土体性质是影响刀具磨损的重要因素。针对这一问题，设计并构建了一种盾构掘进过程试验模拟装置，在试验室条件下模拟隧道掘进过程并研究刀具磨损机制，该装置具有水平操作、低转速运行、刀具与土壤持续接触、实时测量扭矩等功能。试验采用南昌市地铁 4 号线的土样，通过设置不同的掘进参数，如刀盘转速和贯入率，系统研究了刀具磨损行为。研究结果表明，将刀盘转速从 35r/ min 降低至 10r/ min,刀具平均磨损减少了 63%;掘进时间从 80min 缩短至 10min,刀具磨损减少了 58%.此外，随着土样含水量从 0%增加到 10%,刀具磨损显著增加，而当含水量继续增加至 25%时，刀具磨损呈下降趋势。

关键词：隧道；盾构；掘进；刀具磨损；运行参数；试验

English：

Tool wear is one of the key problems affecting engineering cost and construction period duringshield tunneling, and the operating parameters of the shield machine and soil properties are importantfactors affecting tool wear. Aiming at this problem, a test simulation device for the shield tunnelingprocess is designed and constructed to simulate the tunneling process and study the tool wear mechanismunder laboratory conditions. The device has the functions of horizontal operation, low⁃speed operation,continuous contact between tool and soil, real⁃time measurement of torque, etc. In the experiment, thesoil samples of Nanchang Metro Line 4 were used to systematically study the tool wear behavior by settingdifferent tunneling parameters, such as cutter head speed and penetration rate. The results indicate thatthe average wear of the tool is reduced by 63%when reducing the cutter speed from 35r/ min to 10r/ min.The excavation duration is shortened from 80minutes to 10minutes, and the tool wear is reduced by 58%.In addition,with the increase of soil moisture content from 0% to 10%, the tool wear increasessignificantly. However,when the moisture content continues to increase to 25%, the tool wear shows adownward trend.

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中铁十八局集团第三工程有限公司专栏 > 2025年 第卷 第07期