基于物联网的在建超高层建筑火灾防控技术

作者简介：

齐从月,正高级工程师,E-mail:cscecqcy@ vip. qq. com

作者单位：

1. 清华大学,北京 100084; 2. 中建三局第三建设工程有限责任公司,湖北武汉 430074

基金项目：

∗杭州市建设科研项目:在建超高层建筑火灾风险评估模型与防控方法研究;中建三局第三建设工程有限责任公司课题:超高层建筑火灾风险防控综合技术(CSCEC3B3-2023-13)

摘要：

针对在建超高层建筑火灾监测滞后、信息孤岛和应急响应不及时的问题,提出基于物联网的火灾监测与智能防控方案。构建 3 层技术架构的火灾自动预警系统,集成多源传感器网络,并利用无线通信与云端处理实现数据实时传输与分析。开发多传感器数据融合算法的预警平台,支持实时监测、多通道报警和智能运维。对深圳罗湖某超高层建筑项目进行试验研究,结果表明,系统在无遮挡条件下火灾预警系统通信距离达 75m、遮挡条件下达20m,报警-喷淋系统联动迅速可靠。该研究验证了该技术在火灾防控方面具有实时性、准确性与协同性,为在建超高层建筑提供全面消防安全保障。

关键词：高层建筑;物联网;火灾防控;智能预警;模拟

English：

In order to solve the problems of lagging fire monitoring, information islands and untimelyemergency response in super high-rise buildings under construction, a fire monitoring and intelligentprevention and control scheme based on Internet of Things is proposed. A three-layer technicalarchitecture is built for the automatic fire early warning system, which integrates multi-source sensornetworks, and uses wireless communication and cloud processing to achieve real-time data transmissionand analysis. An early warning platform with multi-sensor data fusion algorithm is developed to supportreal-time monitoring, multi-channel alarm, and intelligent operation and maintenance. The test resultsshow that the communication distance of the fire early warning system is 75m and 20m under theunshielded condition, and the alarm-sprinkler system linkage is fast and reliable. This study verifies thatthe technology has real-time, accurate and collaborative fire prevention and control, and providescomprehensive fire safety guarantee for super high-rise buildings under construction.

[1]	罗洪波,张英,王佳宁. 基于物联网技术的超高层建筑火灾风险动态评估方法[ J]. 武汉理工大学学报(信息与管理工程版),2025,47(1):31-37.LUO H B,ZHANG Y,WANG J N. Dynamic assessment method offire risk in super high-rise buildings based on Internet of Thingstechnology [ J ]. Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(information & management engineering),2025,47(1):31-37.
[2]	任浩,王宪杰,张林飞,等. 超高层建筑施工中起火预测及火灾模拟与人员疏散[ J]. 科学技术与工程,2024, 24 ( 12):5114-5122.REN H, WANG X J, ZHANG L F, et al. Fire prediction, firesimulation and personnel evacuation during the construction ofsuper high-rise buildings [ J ]. Science technology andengineering,2024,24(12):5114-5122.
[3]	戴志宏. 建筑施工场所火灾成因及消防管理[ J]. 消防科学与技术,2018,37(4):554-556.DAI Z H. Discussion on fire cause and fire management ofconstruction site[J]. Fire science and technology,2018,37(4):554-556.
[4]	杨易,钟尚轩,解学峰,等. 超高层建筑烟囱效应的现场实测和压差特性分析[J]. 建筑结构学报,2023,44(3):148-156.YANG Y,ZHONG S X,XIE X F, et al. Field measurement ofstack effect for super high-rise buildings and their stack pressurecharacteristics[ J]. Journal of building structures,2023,44(3):148-156.
[5]	路永明,孟繁欣,李嘉琪,等. 基于 BIM、物联网技术的智能管控平台在火灾报警系统中的应用[ J]. 水利水电技术(中英文),2021,52(S1):134-137.LU Y M, MENG F X, LI J Q, et al. Application of intelligentcontrol platform based on BIM,Internet of Things technology infire alarm system [ J ]. Water resources and hydropowerengineering,2021,52(S1):134-137.
[6]	闫肃. 基于物联网与深度神经网络的建筑单体火灾动态风险自适应评估体系[D]. 徐州:中国矿业大学,2021.YAN S. Adaptive dynamic risk assessment system of buildingmonomer fire based on Internet of Things and deep neural network[D]. Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology,2021.
[7]	彭天海,陈羽,杨帆,等. 高层建筑电气火灾监控终端信息模型[J]. 山东大学学报(工学版),2022,52(5):132-140.PENG T H, CHEN Y, YANG F, et al. Information model ofelectrical fire monitoring terminal in high-rise building [ J ].Journal of Shandong University ( engineering science ), 2022,52(5):132-140.

应用研究 > 2025年第卷第20期