English：

Weld misalignment is a common construction quality defect in steel structures. The testingmethods for internal defects in welds proposed in existing studies and acceptance standards can effectivelydetect the internal defects of welds without misalignment,while their applicability and testing effect forinternal defect detection in misalignment welds lack experimental verification. Four misalignment weldspecimens with different types of preset weld defects, including porosity, slag inclusion, incompletepenetration, cracks, and incomplete fusion,were designed and fabricated. The weld defects withdifferent sizes and positions were considered as well. The internal defects of welds were detected usingultrasonic testing, phased array ultrasonic testing, and X⁃ray testing. The effectiveness of different non⁃destructive testing methods for detecting internal defects in misalignment welds was compared andanalyzed. The research results show that phased array ultrasonic testing has a good detection effect onweld defects, the surface and body shapes of defects can be effectively recognized,which can providereferences for quantitative analysis of the degree of load⁃bearing weakening of members. Ultrasonic testinghas certain difficulties in defect detection and the possibility of misjudgment. X⁃ray testing can effectivelydetect weld defects, but it cannot detect the depth and height of defects, and there is a problem ofradiation pollution.