多临空面空间效应对高边坡稳定性的影响研究

作者：杨俊毅¹’²,苏沐²,汪磊¹,陈登峰¹,黄彪³

作者简介：

杨俊毅，正高级工程师，E⁃mail:281877859@ qq. com

作者单位：

1.百色枢纽通航投资有限公司，广西百色 533000; 2.同济大学土木工程学院地下建筑与工程系，上海 200092; 3.中交第四航务工程局有限公司，广东广州 510000

基金项目：

∗广西交通科技示范工程：百色枢纽通航工程复合高边坡稳定性耦合机理及生态防护技术研究（2022⁃10）

摘要：

以广西某水利工程人工开挖形成的复合高边坡为研究对象，该边坡具有多临空面、土层条件复杂及空间效应显著等特点。为揭示不同临空面条件下几何参数对边坡稳定性的影响，采用 Midas 有限元软件计算对比分析了考虑空间效应时边坡的二维和三维计算结果。研究结果表明：在单一临空面且边坡长高比（ L / H）≤5 下，二维与三维模型的破坏模式相似，但二维结果偏保守；当在多个临空面条件下，三维模型的破坏模式与二维模型存在明显差异，且安全系数更低。几何参数中，临空面倾角θ起主导作用，对安全系数和破坏模式影响显著，建议设计中倾角宜>27°、相邻临空面夹角宜>120°.结合广西实际工程案例的分析发现，多临空面边坡的空间效应会显著影响其破坏模式和安全系数，二维模型会高估边坡安全系数，且破坏模式与实际工程不符，三维模型所得安全系数较二维模型降低了 9%,其破坏模式更符合实际观测。

关键词：边坡；有限单元法；稳定性分析；空间效应

English：

Taking the composite high slope formed by artificial excavation in a water conservancy projectin Guangxi as the research object, this slope is characterized by multiple free faces, complex soilconditions, and significant spatial effects. To reveal the influence of geometric parameters on slopestability under different free face conditions, Midas finite element software was used to calculate andcompare the two⁃dimensional and three⁃dimensional calculation results of the slope considering spatialeffects. The research results show that under the condition of a single free face and a slope length⁃to⁃height ratio （ L / H）≤ 5, the failure modes of the two⁃dimensional and three⁃dimensional models aresimilar,with the two⁃dimensional results being more conservative. When there are multiple free faces,the failure mode of the three⁃dimensional model differs significantly from that of the two⁃dimensionalmodel, and the safety factor is lower. Among the geometric parameters, the inclination angle （θ） of thefree face plays a dominant role, significantly affecting the safety factor and failure mode. It isrecommended that the inclination angle should be greater than 27°, and the angle between adjacent freefaces should be greater than 120°. Based on the analysis of actual engineering cases in Guangxi, it isfound that the spatial effects of slopes with multiple free faces significantly affect their failure modes andsafety factors. The two⁃dimensional model overestimates the slope safety factor, and the failure mode doesnot match the actual engineering situation. The safety factor obtained from the three⁃dimensional model is9% lower than that of the two⁃dimensional model, and its failure mode is more consistent with actual observations.

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