空孔数量对隧道直孔掏槽爆破效果影响研究

作者：王亚¹,覃继华¹,程兵²’³’⁴,叶福²,曹效礼¹,赵波¹,苏洪²’⁴,李洪伟²’⁴

作者简介：

王亚,工程师,E⁃mail: 815386308@ qq. com

作者单位：

1. 中铁十局集团有限公司,山东济南 250010; 2. 安徽理工大学化工与爆破学院,安徽淮南 232001;3. 安徽理工大学矿山地下工程教育部工程研究中心,安徽淮南 232001; 4. 安徽理工大学安徽省新型爆炸材料与爆破技术工程研究中心,安徽淮南 232001

基金项目：

∗安徽省自然科学基金(2408085QA029);矿山地下工程教育部工程研究中心开放基金(JYBGCZX2023105)

摘要：

为了获取隧道直孔掏槽爆破的最佳空孔数量,采用显式动力分析平台 ANSYS / LS⁃DYNA 开展不同空孔数量下的直孔掏槽爆破数值模拟,对比分析空孔数量对直孔掏槽爆破效果的影响,并通过现场爆破试验探究其实际应用效果. 结果显示:随着空孔数量的增加,直孔掏槽爆破的成腔面积逐渐增大,当空孔数量 N = 3,4,5,6,8 时,成腔面积分别为 1 424,1 595,1 724,1 833,1 917cm2;成腔面积提升率随空孔数量的增加而减小,当空孔数量从 6 增加到 8 时,成腔面积仅提高了 4.58%,综合考虑爆破成本和爆破效果,建议直孔掏槽爆破使用 6 个空孔;在现场试验中采用 6 个空孔时,炮孔利用率为 94.3%、周边孔孔痕率为 86.1%,试验结果证实了空孔数目 N = 6 的工程适用性.

关键词：隧道;爆破;直孔掏槽;空孔;成腔面积;数值模拟;试验

English：

To obtain the optimal number of empty holes for parallel cutting in tunnels, the explicitdynamic analysis platform ANSYS / LS⁃DYNA was used to conduct numerical simulations of parallelcutting blasting under different numbers of empty holes to compare and analyze the influence of thenumber of empty holes on the blasting effects of parallel cutting, and explore its practical applicationeffects through field experiments. The results showed that with the increase of the number of empty holes,the cavity area of parallel cutting blasting increased gradually. When the number of empty holes N = 3,4, 5, 6, 8, the cavity areas was 1 424, 1 595, 1 724, 1 833, 1 917cm2, respectively. However, theincrease rate of cavity area could gradually decrease with the increase of the number of empty holes.When the number of empty holes increases from 6 to 8, the cavity area only increased by 4.58%.Considering the blasting cost and blasting effect comprehensively, it was recommended to use 6 emptyholes in the parallel cutting blasting. In the field experiment, the hole utilization rate of 94. 3% andperipheral hole mark rate of 86. 1% were obtained when 6 empty holes were adopted, which confirmed the engineering applicability of the numbers of empty holes N= 6.

[1]	李清,马润东,周睿,等. 大断面高铁隧道掘进爆破振动传播规律研究[J]. 中国安全生产科学技术,2020,16(10):27⁃33.LI Q,MA R D, ZHOU R, et al. Study on propagation laws ofblasting vibration during excavation of large section tunnel inhigh⁃speed railway[J]. Journal of safety science and technology,2020,16(10):27⁃33.
[2]	程兵,汪泉,汪海波,等. 侧向环形切缝装药爆破效应及其在硬岩掏槽中的应用[J]. 含能材料,2023,31(12):1245⁃1254.CHENG B,WANG Q,WANG H B,et al. Blasting effects and oflateral annular slit charge and application in hard rock cutting[J]. Chinese journal of energetic materials, 2023, 31 ( 12 ):1245⁃1254.
[3]	刘霞,陶铁军,娄乾星,等. 大断面隧道楔形掏槽孔布设优化研究与应用 [ J ]. 科学技术与工程, 2022, 22 ( 34 ):15358⁃15366.LIU X,TAO T J,LOU Q X, et al. Research and application ofwedge cut slot layout optimization for large section tunnel [ J].Science technology and engineering, 2022, 22 ( 34 ):15358⁃15366.
[4]	程兵,汪海波,宗琦,等. 基于切缝装药定向预裂的中深孔掏槽爆破研究[J]. 振动与冲击,2023,42(3):322⁃329.CHENG B,WANG H B,ZONG Q,et al. Mid⁃deep hole cuttingblasting technology based on slit charge directional presplitting[J]. Journal of vibration and shock,2023,42(3):322⁃329.
[5]	刘优平,黎剑华,林大能,等. 掏槽爆破中空孔效应的理论与试验研究[J]. 矿业研究与开发,2007,27(5):75⁃77.LIU Y P,LI J H,LIN D N,et al. Theoretical and experimentalstudy on effects of empty hole in cut blasting[J]. Mining researchand development,2007,27(5):75⁃77.
[6]	罗剑辉,程兵,汪海波,等. 中空孔对直眼掏槽爆破效果的影响数值模拟[J]. 煤矿安全,2020,51(4):223⁃226.LUO J H,CHENG B,WANG H B,et al. Numerical simulation ofinfluence of hollow hole on blasting effect of parallel cut [ J].Safety in coal mines,2020,51(4):223⁃226.
[7]	孟海利,孙鹏昌,薛里,等. 大直径中空孔直眼掏槽爆破的空孔应力集中效应研究[J]. 爆破,2023,40(4):60⁃65,153.MENG H L,SUN P C,XUE L,et al. Study on stress concentrationeffect of large⁃diameter empty hole in burn cut blasting [ J].Blasting,2023,40(4):60⁃65,153.
[8]	左进京,杨仁树,肖成龙,等. 煤矿井巷中空孔掏槽爆破模型实验研究[J]. 矿业科学学报,2018,3(4):335⁃341.ZUO J J,YANG R S,XIAO C L,et al. Model test of empty holecut blasting in coal mine rock drivage [ J]. Journal of miningscience and technology,2018,3(4):335⁃341.
[9]	朱必勇,贺严,焦文宇,等. 直孔掏槽爆破中空孔效应的数值模拟研究[J]. 矿业研究与开发,2020,40(2):58⁃61.ZHU B Y,HE Y,JIAO W Y,et al. Numerical simulation researchon empty hole effect in parallel cut blasting[ J]. Mining researchand development,2020,40(2):58⁃61.
[10]	张召冉,王岩,刘国庆. 空孔对直眼掏槽参数及爆破效果的影响研究[J]. 爆炸与冲击,2023,43(1):139⁃154.ZHANG Z R, WANG Y, LIU G Q. Theoretical study of theinfluence of empty⁃hole on both the blasting parameters and theblasting effect of straight⁃hole cutting [ J]. Explosion and shockwaves,2023,43(1):139⁃154.
[11]	程兵,叶福,汪泉,等. 数值模拟技术在爆破安全课程教学中的应用[J]. 实验室研究与探索,2025,44(3):88⁃93.CHENG B, YE F, WANG Q, et al. Application of numericalsimulation technology in blasting safety course teaching [ J ].Research and exploration in laboratory,2025,44(3):88⁃93.
[12]	段继超,宗琦,汪海波,等. 起爆顺序对台阶岩石破碎块度及爆破振动影响研究[ J]. 中国安全科学学报,2024,34 ( 2):192⁃199.DUAN J C,ZONG Q,WANG H B,et al. Study on influence ofinitiation sequence on fragmentation of step rock and blastingvibration [ J ]. China safety science journal, 2024, 34 ( 2 ):192⁃199.
[13]	费鸿禄,王天恒,荆广杰. 露天矿富水裂隙岩体台阶爆破的殉爆机理和防殉爆研究 [ J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2025, 45 ( 1 ):166⁃182.FEI H L,WANG T H,JING G J. On mechanism and prevention ofsympathetic detonation of bench blasting in water⁃rich fissureopen⁃pit mine [ J]. Explosion and shock waves, 2025, 45 ( 1):166⁃182.
[14]	解北京,栾铮,李晓旭,等. 岩体双孔爆破损伤特征的影响因素研究[J]. 中国安全生产科学技术,2023,19(9):20⁃26.XIE B J,LUAN Z,LI X X,et al. Study on influencing factors ofdamage characteristics in double⁃hole blasting of rock mass[ J].Journal of safety science and technology,2023,19(9):20⁃26.
[15]	杨帅,刘泽功,张健玉,等. 爆炸荷载作用下深部煤体损伤特征试验研究[J]. 振动与冲击,2024,43(19):276⁃286.YANG S,LIU Z G, ZHANG J Y, et al. Test study on damagefeatures of deep coal body under explosive load [ J]. Journal ofvibration and shock,2024,43(19):276⁃286.
[16]	杨赛群,葛立芳,李洪伟,等. 地应力影响下的五孔掏槽爆破岩石损伤效应研究[J]. 火工品,2025(1):89⁃96.YANG S Q,GE L F,LI H W,et al. Study on the rock damageeffect of five⁃hole cutting blasting under in⁃situ stress influence[J]. Initiators & pyrotechnics,2025(1):89⁃96.
[17]	刘亮,卢文波,陈明,等. 钻爆开挖条件下岩体临界破碎状态的损伤阈值统计研究[ J]. 岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(6):1133⁃1140.LIU L,LU W B,CHEN M, et al. Statistic damage threshold ofcritical broken rock mass under blasting load[J]. Chinese journalof rock mechanics and engineering,2016,35(6):1133⁃1140.

岩土与地下工程 > 2026年 第卷 第07期