English：

To investigate the surface deformation characteristics during dewatering and excavation of deep foundation excavations in saturated soft loess, this paper analyzed the temporal variation patterns of surface settlement and their influencing factors based on a shaft project for a subway station in the city of Xi’an, combining field monitoring with numerical simulation. The results indicate that the timedependent curve of ground settlement can be divided into four stages: unloading heave, dewatering consolidation settlement, deformation stabilization, and rebound due to rising water levels. The dewatering construction period is the primary stage during which settlement occurs. Parametric analysis shows that ground settlement increases with an increase in the soil permeability coefficient and decreases with an increase in the depth of the groundwater table. The recommended single excavation depth should be controlled at around 1-4m. Considering both the support effectiveness and the economic efficiency, the use of I20a with a spacing of 0-8m is recommended.