应用研究 2025年 第卷 第18期

DOI: 10. 7672 / sgjs2025180037

定日 6.8 级地震公共建筑震害调查与分析

来朝辉¹’²,李明隽¹’²,白暘¹’²,段盟¹’²

作者简介:

来朝辉,硕士,高级工程师,E-mail: 13861986@ qq. com

作者单位:

1.陕西省建筑科学研究院有限公司,陕西西安 710082;2.陕西省建筑工程质量检测中心有限公司,陕西西安 710082

基金项目:

∗陕西省“两链”融合重点研发计划(2022LL-B-12);陕西省省级国有资本经营预算科技创新专项资金项目(ZXZJ-2024-015)

摘要:

西藏日喀则市定日县地处喜马拉雅地震带,地震活动频繁,公共建筑的抗震性能对保障人员安全及灾后功能恢复至关重要。 2025 年定日 6.8 级地震发生后,研究团队对震区 52 栋公共建筑(34 栋砌体结构、18 栋框架结构)展开震害调查,结合现场数据与分析,揭示了高海拔地区公共建筑的震害特征。结果表明:按现行规范设计的建筑主体结构表现良好,未发生倒塌,多数为轻微损伤,验证了“小震不坏、中震可修、大震不倒”的设防目标。砌体结构破坏集中于墙体开裂和女儿墙倒塌;框架结构则以非结构构件破坏为主,包括填充墙裂缝、楼梯间损伤及吊顶和抹灰层破坏。研究特别指出,高原环境对材料性能与施工质量的影响显著,砌体砖尺寸偏差、砂浆不饱满、构造措施不足等问题显著影响了结构抗震能力。基于震害调查结果,建议高原地区需完善相关地方标准,加强非结构构件抗震核查,推广减隔震技术,并针对既有建筑开展定期隐患排查,以实现高原地区公共建筑安全性和功能韧性的提升。

English:

Dingri County in Shigatse City, Tibet Autonomous Region, is located in the Himalayan seismiczone with frequent earthquake activity. The seismic performance of public buildings is crucial for ensuringpersonnel safety and post-disaster functional recovery. Following the 2025 Dingri MS 6.8 earthquake, aresearch team conducted a earthquake damage investigation on 52 public buildings ( 34 masonrystructures and 18 frame structures) in the earthquake-affected area. By integrating field data andanalysis, the study revealed the earthquake damage characteristics of public buildings in high-altituderegions. The results show that the buildings designed according to current codes perform well,with nocollapses and most sustaining minor damage,validating the seismic fortification objective of “no collapseunder minor earthquakes, repairable damage under moderate earthquakes, and life safety under majorearthquakes.” Masonry structures primarily exhibited wall cracking and parapet collapse,while framestructures suffered mainly non-structural component damage, including infill wall cracks, stairwelldamage, and ceiling or plaster layer failures. The study highlights that the high-altitude environmentsignificantly impacts material properties and construction quality,with the issues such as brick sizedeviations, insufficient mortar filling, and inadequate structural detailing markedly reducing seismiccapacity. Based on the findings, the recommendations include refining local standards for high-altituderegions, enhancing seismic checks for non-structural components, promoting seismic isolation and energy dissipation technologies, and conducting regular safety inspections of existing buildings to improve thesafety and functional resilience of public buildings in plateau areas.